The beauty and cost of the plant depends much on the piping layout, which again is wholly dependent on the experience of the piping designer. The piping drawing is done in accordance with P & I diagram, plant layout, nozzle orientation schedule, structural, civil and architectural drawings. Accordingly, the fabrication, erection at site, installation and commissioning is carried out. The workmanship and quality of piping is taken care of by means of correct dimensioning, proper edge preparation, proper fitment and alignment of joints, welding, NDT testing such as die penetration, radiography, hydro testing, polishing, electropolishing, fabrication and installation of supports, anchoring, stress relieving, painting and buffing.

Prefabricated piped and fittings are also readily available which can be directly installed at site especially for pharmaceutical, dairy and food industries.